Human geneticists have known for hundreds of years that metabolic disorders can be passed down through generations. Explorers since the 17th century have understood the link between the vitamins in food and serious disease. However, it has only been in the last decade that scientists have been able to associate genetic variation with vitamin utilization and thus begin to unravel their combined effects on human health and disease. Completed in 2003, the human genome sequence created an informational infrastructure that provides scientists with critical tools in understanding human health and disease. Perhaps the most valuable product of these efforts was a nearly comprehensive catalog of common genetic variation at the single nucleotide level (SNPs), which represent the genetic basis for defining and distinguishing individuals.
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